ＡＲＭＯＵＲ，ＡＲＭＡＭＥＮＴ，ＥＱＵＩＰＭＥＮＴ，ＭＯＤＥＲＮＩＺＡＴＩＯＮＳ
ＡＲＭＯＵＲ，ＡＲＭＡＭＥＮＴ，ＥＱＵＩＰＭＥＮＴ，ＭＯＤＥＲＮＩＺＡＴＩＯＮＳ
| 装甲 | belt: 310 on 22mm plating, lower belt: 310 - 25 on 22mm plating, deck: 146 - 152, upper deck: 38, splinter deck: 19, bulkheads: 287, barbettes: 287 - 439, turrets: 457 face, 184 crown, 241 sides, 305 rear, CT: 406 sides, 184 roof |
| 兵装 | BB-57: 3 x 3 - 406/45 Mk. 6, 8 x 2 - 127/38 Mk. 12, 7 x 4 - 28/75 Mk. 1, 16 x 1 - 20/70 Mk. 4, 8 x 1 - 12.7/90, 2 catapults, 3 seaplanes BB-58: 3 x 3 - 406/45 Mk. 6, 10 x 2 - 127/38 Mk. 12, 6 x 4 - 40/56 Mk. 1/2, 16 x 1 - 20/70 Mk. 4, 2 catapults, 3 seaplanes BB-59: 3 x 3 - 406/45 Mk. 6, 10 x 2 - 127/38 Mk. 12, 6 x 4 - 40/56 Mk. 1/2, 35 x 1 - 20/70 Mk. 4, 2 catapults, 3 seaplanes BB-60: 3 x 3 - 406/45 Mk. 6, 10 x 2 - 127/38 Mk. 12, 6 x 4 - 40/56 Mk. 1/2, 22 x 1 - 20/70 Mk. 4, 2 catapults, 3 seaplanes |
| 電子兵装 | BB-57: SC, SG, 2x Mk. 3, 4x Mk. 4 radars BB-58 to BB-60: SC, SG, 2x Mk. 8, 4x Mk. 4 radars |
| 船体防護関係事項 | 113.4m-long inner belt, inclined at 19ﾟ to vertical, had 3.2m height and was 310mm thick (on 51mm cement layer and 22mm plating). 19ﾟinclined lower belt was connected with main belt and tapered from 310mm at upper edge to 152mm 2.1m lower than it and then to 25mm at lower edge. Belt was connected with end barbettes by bulkheads. Thickness of fore bulkhead was 287mm, but at lower part of bulkhead it was decreased to 25mm (as lower belt). Aft bulkhead has 287mm thickness only on one level under main deck, its lower part was only 16mm thick but it was connected with steering gear belt. Steering gear compartment had 343mm 19ﾟinclined belt and 287mm bulkhead expanded up to lower (splinter) deck. Flat main armour deck was connected with upper edge of belt and was 154 (near sides)-146mm (near center line) over citadel. One level higher there was 38mm upper deck. Its thickness was decreased to 25-19 mm fwd from No1 barbette. One level lower there was flat 19mm splinter deck. This deck extended aft from No3 barbette and was 157-121mm over steering gear belt. Main gun turrets had 457mm faces, 305mm sides, 300mm rears and 184mm crowns. Barbettes over main deck were 294mm at center line and 440mm at sides. They consisted from two rings (73mm outer and 37mm inner) under main deck. CT had 406mm sides, 373mm fwd and aft parts, 178mm roof and 102mm deck. 5.45m deep underwater protection consisted from 4 compartments and could resist exploding of 317kg TNT. Inner main and lower belts were used as 3rd longitudinal bulkhead. |
| 各改装 | 10/1942, BB-57: - 2 x 4 - 28/75, 8 x 1 - 12.7/90; + 4 x 4 - 40/56 Mk. 1/2,
20 x 1 - 20/70 Mk. 4 11/1942, BB-58: + 4 x 4 - 40/56 Mk. 1/2 12/1942, BB-59: + 4 x 4 - 40/56 Mk. 1/2, 13 x 1 - 20/70 Mk. 4 1943, all: - SC, 4x Mk. 4 radars; + SG (2nd), SK, 4x Mk. 12/22 radars 1/1943, BB-58: + 37 x 1 - 20/70 Mk. 4 2/1943, BB-57: - 5 x 4 - 28/75, 1 x 1 - 20/70; + 13 x 4 - 40/56 Mk. 1/2 2/1943, BB-58: + 2 x 4 - 40/56 Mk. 1/2 2/1943, BB-59: + 2 x 4 - 40/56 Mk. 1/2, 13 x 1 - 20/70 Mk. 4 2/1943, BB-60: + 4 x 4 - 40/56 Mk. 1/2 5/1943, BB-60: + 38 x 1 - 20/70 Mk. 4 9/1943, BB-59: - 18 x 1 - 20/70 11/1943, BB-60: + 2 x 4 - 40/56 Mk. 1/2 12/1943, BB-58: + 7 x 1 - 20/70 Mk. 4 1943, BB-57: - 2x Mk. 3 radars; + 2x Mk. 8 radars 1944, all: + Mk. 27 radar, TDY ECM suite 4/1944, BB-58: + 3 x 1 - 20/70 Mk. 4 7/1944, BB-58: - 16 x 1 - 20/70; + 4 x 2 - 20/70 Mk. 4 10/1944, BB-59: - 17 x 1 - 20/70; + 1 x 4 - 20/70 Mk. 4, 1 x 2 - 20/70 Mk. 4 12/1944, BB-57: + 37 x 1 - 20/70 Mk. 4 12/1944, BB-58: - 3 x 1 - 20/70 12/1944, BB-59: + 6 x 4 - 40/56 Mk. 1/2, 6 x 1 - 20/70 Mk. 4 12/1944, BB-60: - 8 x 1 - 20/70 Mk. 4 3/1945, BB-57: + 5 x 1 - 20/70 Mk. 4 1945, BB-57, BB-59: - SK, 2x Mk. 8 radars; + SK-2, SR, 2x Mk. 13 radars 1945, BB-58: - 2x Mk. 8 radars; + SP, 2x Mk. 13 radars 1945, BB-60: - SG, SK, 2x Mk. 8 radars; + SK-2, SR, SU, 2x Mk. 13 radars summer 1945, BB-59: - 1 x 1 - 20/70 summer 1945, BB-60: + 4 x 1 - 20/70 Mk. 4 1/1946, BB-57: 3 x 3 - 406/45 Mk. 6, 8 x 2 - 127/38 Mk. 28, 17 x 4 - 40/60 Mk. 2, 77 x 1 - 20/70 Mk. 10, 2 catapults, 3 seaplanes, 2x SG, SK-2, SR, 2x Mk. 13, 4x Mk. 12/22, Mk. 27 radars, TDY ECM suite 1/1946, BB-58: 3 x 3 - 406/45 Mk. 6, 10 x 2 - 127/38 Mk. 28, 12 x 4 - 40/60 Mk. 2, 4 x 2 - 20/70 Mk. 24, 44 x 1 - 20/70 Mk. 10, 2 catapults, 3 seaplanes, 2x SG, SK, SP, 2x Mk. 13, 4x Mk. 12/22, Mk. 27 radars, TDY ECM suite 1/1946, BB-59: 3 x 3 - 406/45 Mk. 6, 10 x 2 - 127/38 Mk. 28, 18 x 4 - 40/60 Mk. 2, 1 x 4 - 20/70 Mk. 15, 1 x 2 - 20/70 Mk. 24, 31 x 1 - 20/70 Mk. 10, 2 catapults, 3 seaplanes, 2x SG, SK-2, SR, 2x Mk. 13, 4x Mk. 12/22, Mk. 27 radars, TDY ECM suite 1/1946, BB-60 3 x 3 - 406/45 Mk. 6, 10 x 2 - 127/38 Mk. 28, 12 x 4 - 40/60 Mk. 2, 56 x 1 - 20/70 Mk. 10, 2 catapults, 3 seaplanes, SG, SK-2, SR, SU, 2x Mk. 13, 4x Mk. 12/22, Mk. 27 radars, TDY ECM suite 1946-1948, BB-57: - 77 x 1 - 20/70, 2 catapults, 3 seaplanes; + 16 x 2 - 20/70 Mk. 24 1946-1948, BB-58: - 4 x 2 - 20/70, 44 x 1 - 20/70, 2 catapults, 3 seaplanes 1946-1948, BB-59: - 1 x 4 - 20/70, 1 x 2 - 20/70, 31 x 1 - 20/70, 2 catapults, 3 seaplanes 1946-1948, BB-60: - 56 x 1 - 20/70, 2 catapults, 3 seaplanes |
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おそらく1943年2月頃に米国海域で撮影されたもので、太平洋での戦災後、大西洋に向かう直前の最初の改装後の大規模な写真シリーズの1枚。拡張された機関砲砲台と追加の電子機器が写っている。スポットIのすぐ下にある前方防空レヴェル
Forward Air Defense Levelを囲むスプリンターシールド splinter-shieldの前にはSC-2があり、巨大な菱形の背を持つMk.
38主砲ダイレクター Main Battery Directorには初期のMk. 3主砲火器管制レーダー Main Battery fire
control radarが搭載されている。前述したように、この増設レヴェルの重量補正のため、両舷の5インチ/38ガン・ハウス gun houseは廃止された。これにより、Mk.
4二次電池の火器管制レーダーを搭載したMk. 37砲塔のすぐ後方、Mk. 51砲塔の右側、Mk.37砲塔の下に40mm四連装機関砲塔を搭載するためのスペースが確保された。現在はスポットIIの上に後期のMk.
8レーダー、後部主砲台火器管制塔があり、以前使われていたスタンディング・リギングの代わりにホイップ・アンテナが多用されていることに注意。フォアマスト左舷とメインマスト右舷のヤードアームにある大きなストーヴ・パイプ
stove pipeのIFFアンテナにも注目。のちにスカパ・フローで撮影された写真に写っている、主砲塔2番艦の上に設置されたジェネラル・エレクトリック社“SN”の緊急用軽量ポータブル・レーダー・セットは、まだそこにはない。もうひとつの追加点は、Mk.
37ダイレクターとその下に積み重ねられた25名乗り救命艇 25-life-raftsのうしろ、その下のヴェンチレーター ventilatorの周囲に高いスプレー・シールド
spray shieldが施されていることと、ソロモン作戦の教訓を反映し、ロール状のフローター・ネット floater netが多用されていることである Probably taken in US waters around February 1943 - one of a large series of photos following her first refit, after war damage in the Pacific, just before leaving for the Atlantic. The expanded Machine Gun Battery and additional electronics is shown. She still has the SC-2 on her Foremast radar platform and SG in front of the splinter-shield surrounding her Forward Air Defense Level just below Spot I, the massive, diamond-backed Mk.38 Main Battery Director with atop the early Mk3 Main Battery fire control radar and a second set atop her Conning Tower, Spot 3, fitted with an extra level for duty as a Flagship. As noted earlier, weight compensation for this extra level dictated the elimination of a 5"/38 gun house on both sides. This cleared space P/S, for a 40mm quad mount with a Mk. 51 director tub to the right, behind it, just aft and below the Mk. 37 director with Mk. 4 Secondary Battery fire control radar atop. Note that she now has the later Mk. 8 radar atop Spot II, the aft Main Battery fire control tower and the extensive use of whip antennas in place of standing rigging previously used. Note also the large stove pipe IFF antennas on her Foremast port-and Mainmast starboard yardarm. The General Electric 'SN' lightweight portable radar set for emergency use, visible on later photos taken at Scapa Flow, atop Main Battery Turret #2 is not there yet. Another addition is the high spray shield around the ventilators below her after Mk37 director with stacked 25-life-rafts below them and the extensive use of rolled floater nets, reflecting the lessons of the Solomons campaign and another quad 40 and its director in front of them. Image courtesy of NavSource. |
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1943年2月20日に改装されたサウス・ダコタ（BB-57）の船尾から見た姿。“SN”に注目。ジェネラル・エレクトリック社製の軽量携帯レーダー・セットで、2番砲塔上部の艦上で緊急用に使用された。6nmで戦艦、2nmで浮上潜水艦を探知。アンテナは48インチのパラボロイド。手動スキャンのみ。フィードは垂直ダイポール。火器管制塔の上にある大きなスポッティング・グラスと、その後ろにある主砲台火器管制レーダーMk.
3 Mod. 2（“FC”）に注目。“FC”は12ft x 3ftのアンテナを持ち、短波長（40cm）で運用されたため分解能が高く、ローブ・スイッチング（空中線の水平半分の間で交互に信号を切り替え、ほぼ等しくなるまでリターンを比較することで方位を精緻化するプロセス）が導入された。
このレーダーは火器管制のためだけでなく、夜間や視界の悪いときの予備の捜索セットとしても使われた。このレーダーは、15分かそこらごとに水平線をスイープし、編隊の変化などを探すのに使われた。このレーダーは、3,500ydの低空飛行の単機や、10〜12,000ydの編隊に対して有効であることが証明された。この役割では、駆逐艦の23,000ydの射程で50ydの精度が報告されている。また、Mk.
37デュアル・パーパス・ダレクター3基（4基中）の上にある“FD”（Mk. 4）レーダーにも注目。このレーダー装備は、2つのレーダーの半分が垂直に積み重ねられていることを除けば、基本的に“FC”（Mk.
3）と同じ電子機器を持っていた。空中線はMk. 37の光学系に合わせてある。航続距離は、中高度の単機で40,000yd、低高度の単機で30,000yd、駆逐艦や巡洋艦で26,000ydと報告されている The South Dakota (BB-57) view looking aft showing alteration on 20 February 1943. "Note the "SN", a lightweight portable radar set by General Electric, for emergency use aboard ships atop #2 turret. Detection of a battleship at 6 nm., a surfaced submarine at 2nm. The antenna was a 48in paraboloid. Manual scan only. Feed by a vertical dipole. Note the large spotting glass atop the Fire Control tower with the Main Battery Fire Control Radar Mk. 3 Mod. 2 ("FC") behind it. "FC" had a 12ft x 3ft antenna and operated at a short wavelength (40cm) which gave it good resolution and introduced lobe switching, a process by which bearing was refined by switching the signal alternately between horizontal halves of the aerial and comparing the returns until they were approximately equal. This radar was not employed only for fire control but also as a back-up search set, at night and in poor visibility. It was then used to sweep the horizon every 15 or-so, minutes looking for formation changes etc. This radar proved effective against single low-flying aircraft at 3,500 yd and formations at 10-12,000 yd. It could be diverted back to its original purpose, fire control, at any time. In this role, an accuracy of 50 yd at a range of 23,000 yd on a destroyer was reported. Also note the "FD" (Mk. 4) radars atop the three (of 4) Mk. 37 Dual Purpose directors. This radar equipment had essentially the same electronics as the "FC" (Mk. 3), except that the two radar halves were stacked vertically. The aerial was aligned to the optics of the Mk. 37. A range of 40,000yd was reported for a single aircraft at medium altitude, 30,000yd for an aircraft at low altitude and 26,000 yd on a destroyer or cruiser. Image courtesy of NavSource. |
Ｕｐｄａｔｅ 23／10／07
